Chapter 16: Garbage in, garbage out
These NCERT Class 6 Science Chapter 16 notes explain the concept of garbage and how waste is generated in our daily life. The chapter introduces students to different types of waste, their sources, and the problems caused by improper waste disposal.
NCERT Class 6 Science Chapter 16 – Garbage In, Garbage Out helps students understand the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste and explains important methods like vermicomposting, recycling, and landfills. It also highlights the serious issue of plastic waste in India.
This chapter builds awareness about cleanliness, environment, and responsible behaviour, which is essential for a sustainable future.
1. Meaning of garbage
- Garbage means waste materials thrown away after use
- Garbage is produced from homes, schools, markets, offices
- Industries and factories also produce large amounts of garbage
- Garbage includes vegetable peels, plastic wrappers, paper waste
- Proper handling of garbage is important for clean surroundings
2. Types of garbage
- Garbage is mainly of two types
- Biodegradable waste can be decomposed naturally
- Examples include vegetable peels, leftover food, leaves, paper
- Non-biodegradable waste does not decompose easily
- Plastic, glass, metals, polythene cause long-term pollution
3. Sources of garbage
- Household waste comes from kitchens and daily activities
- Agricultural waste comes from farms and fields
- Industrial waste comes from factories
- Construction waste comes from buildings and roads
- Different sources produce different types of waste
4. Decomposition of garbage
- Decomposition is the process of breaking down waste
- It is carried out by bacteria and fungi
- Biodegradable waste decomposes naturally
- Non-biodegradable waste remains for long time
- Decomposition helps in returning nutrients to soil
5. Vermicomposting
- Vermicomposting is making manure from biodegradable waste
- It uses earthworms to decompose waste
- Materials used include vegetable waste, fruit peels, cow dung
- Vermicomposting produces natural manure
- Earthworms improve soil fertility and reduce garbage
6. Landfills
- Landfills are low-lying areas where garbage is dumped
- Garbage is covered with layers of soil
- Landfills cause land pollution
- They produce bad smell
- Landfills become breeding grounds for insects and diseases
7. Recycling
- Recycling means reusing waste to make new products
- Materials like paper, glass, metal can be recycled
- Some types of plastic can also be recycled
- Recycling saves natural resources
- Recycling also saves energy
8. Reduce, reuse and recycle
- Reduce means minimising waste generation
- Avoiding plastic bags is an example of reduce
- Reuse means using items again
- Reusing bottles and containers reduces waste
- Recycle converts waste into new useful products
9. Plastic waste
- Plastic waste does not decompose naturally
- Plastic causes soil and water pollution
- Animals are harmed by plastic waste
- Polythene bags block drains
- Blocked drains cause floods in cities
10. Role of citizens
- Citizens should segregate waste at source
- Wet waste and dry waste should be separated
- People should not litter in public places
- Dustbins should be used properly
- Citizens must follow the 3Rs
11. Government measures
- Government has imposed ban on single-use plastic
- Awareness campaigns are conducted regularly
- Swachh Bharat Mission promotes cleanliness
- Waste management rules are being strengthened
- Public participation is encouraged for clean India
12. Importance of this chapter
- Builds environmental awareness among students
- Teaches importance of waste management
- Explains problems caused by garbage
- Forms base for environment studies
- Very relevant for India’s cleanliness challenges
13. Important keywords and definitions
- Garbage: Waste materials thrown away after use
- Biodegradable: Waste that can be decomposed by microorganisms
- Non-biodegradable: Waste that does not decompose easily
- Vermicomposting: Making manure from waste using earthworms
- Landfill: Place where garbage is dumped and covered with soil
- Recycling: Reusing waste to make new products
- 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle principles
Understanding NCERT Class 6 Science Chapter 16 is important to learn how waste should be managed properly to protect the environment and human health. The chapter encourages students to follow the 3Rs – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle in daily life.
The ideas discussed in Garbage In, Garbage Out form the foundation for learning about environmental protection, waste management, and sustainable development. This chapter is highly relevant to India’s cleanliness initiatives and environmental challenges.
FAQs
Q1. What is garbage according to NCERT Class 6 Science Chapter 16?
Garbage is waste material thrown away after use.
Q2. What is biodegradable waste?
Biodegradable waste is waste that can be decomposed by microorganisms.
Q3. What is vermicomposting?
Vermicomposting is the process of converting biodegradable waste into manure using earthworms.
Q4. What are the 3Rs of waste management?
The 3Rs are Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
Q5. Why is this chapter important for exams?
It explains waste management and environmental awareness, useful for school exams and BPSC foundation.