Chapter 5 – Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic

These NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 5 notes explain the rise of kingdoms, the role of kings, the development of mahajanapadas, and the existence of early republics like Vajji. This chapter is important for understanding early Indian political systems and is useful for school exams and BPSC foundation preparation.

1. How did men become Rulers?

• In early times, some rulers were chosen by the jana or people.
• Gradually, new methods of becoming rulers developed.
• Around 3000 years ago, rulers gained power by performing rituals.
• These rituals helped rulers show their strength and authority.
• Such practices helped some men establish themselves as kings.

2. Important ritual: Ashvamedha (Horse sacrifice)

• Ashvamedha was one of the most important rituals performed by kings.
• In this ritual, a horse was released to roam freely.
• If other rulers stopped the horse, it led to war.
• If the horse was not stopped, the king’s power was accepted.
• After the ritual, priests performed ceremonies to recognise the ruler as powerful.

3. Role of the Raja (King)

• The raja was the central figure of the kingdom.
• He performed important rituals to show authority.
• He led wars and protected the people.
• The raja often sat on a throne.
• Sitting on a tiger skin symbolised his power.

4. Janapadas and Mahajanapadas

• Janapadas were early territories where people lived together.
• These areas were often named after tribes.
• Over time, some janapadas became larger and stronger.
• These larger kingdoms were called Mahajanapadas.
• Mahajanapadas developed around 2500 years ago.

5. Important Mahajanapadas (Places)

• Magadha was one of the most powerful mahajanapadas.
• Kosala was another important kingdom.
• Vatsa developed as a strong mahajanapada.
• Avanti became an important centre of power.
• Kuru and Panchala were also well-known mahajanapadas.

6. Capital cities

• Capital cities were usually fortified and well protected.
• Rajagriha was the capital of Magadha.
• Kaushambi served as the capital of Vatsa.
• Ujjain was the capital of Avanti.
• Capitals played an important role in administration.

7. Taxes and administration

• Kings collected a share of crops as tax.
• Taxes were also collected on crafts.
• Trade was another source of tax income.
• Officials were appointed to collect taxes.
• These officials also helped maintain law and order.

8. An early republic: Vajji

• Vajji was a gana or sangha, meaning a republic.
• Rulers in Vajji were elected, not hereditary.
• Important decisions were taken collectively.
• The capital of Vajji was Vaishali.
• Vaishali is located in present-day Bihar.

9. Assemblies

• Important decisions were taken in assemblies.
• Members discussed laws.
• Decisions about wars were taken collectively.
• Matters related to administration were discussed.
• Assemblies played a key role in republics.

10. Important dates (NCERT focus)

• The rise of Mahajanapadas took place around 500 BCE.
• The Ashvamedha ritual was performed around 3000 years ago.
• These dates help us understand early political developments.
• They show the growth of kingdoms over time.
• Dates are important for placing events in history.

11. Important keywords

• Raja means king or ruler.
• Ashvamedha was an important royal ritual.
• Janapada refers to early territorial states.
• Mahajanapada means a large kingdom.
• Gana and sangha refer to republics.

12. Why this chapter is important

• This chapter explains the origin of kingdoms.
• It helps us understand early administration.
• It introduces the idea of republics in ancient India.
• It is important for understanding Indian political history.
• It explains the evolution of governance.

This chapter helps students understand how early rulers governed territories, collected taxes, and maintained administration. The study of mahajanapadas and republics shows the evolution of governance in ancient India.

Continue reading Class 6 History Chapter 6 – New Questions and Ideas to learn about the rise of new religious and philosophical thoughts in India.

FAQs

Q1. What is explained in Class 6 History Chapter 5?
It explains the rise of kingdoms, the role of kings, mahajanapadas, and early republics in India.

Q2. Why is the Vajji republic important?
It shows an early form of democratic governance where rulers were elected.