Chapter 12 – Reproduction in plants

These NCERT Class 7 Science Chapter 12 notes explain how plants reproduce to continue their species. The chapter helps students understand reproduction as an important life process essential for survival of plants on Earth.

Reproduction in Plants covers both asexual and sexual reproduction, explains the structure of a flower, and describes processes like pollination, fertilisation, and seed formation in a simple and clear manner.

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1. Introduction: why reproduction is important

•  All living organisms reproduce to continue their species.
•  Reproduction ensures the continuity of life on Earth.
•  Plants reproduce to produce new plants.
•  Reproduction is nature’s way of not letting life stop.

2. What is reproduction

•  Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce new individuals of their own kind.
•  In plants, reproduction can be asexual or sexual.

3. Asexual reproduction

•  Asexual reproduction involves only one parent.
•  There is no seed formation.
•  New plants are exactly like the parent plant.

4. Types of asexual reproduction in plants

•  Vegetative propagation forms new plants from root, stem, or leaf, like potato, onion, bryophyllum, and sugarcane.
•  This method is fast, helps quick growth, and is useful for farmers.
•  Budding involves a small bud growing and separating, as seen in yeast.
•  Fragmentation occurs when the plant breaks into pieces, like Spirogyra.
•  Spore formation produces spores that grow into new plants, like fern and moss.

5. Sexual reproduction

•  Sexual reproduction involves male and female gametes.
•  It leads to the formation of seeds.
•  New plants show variation.

6. Parts of a flower

•  A flower is the reproductive part of a plant.
•  Sepals protect the flower bud.
•  Petals attract insects.
•  Stamen is the male part.
•  Pistil is the female part.

7. Stamen (male reproductive part)

•  Anther produces pollen grains.
•  Filament supports the anther.

8. Pistil (female reproductive part)

•  Stigma receives pollen grains.
•  Style provides passage for pollen tube.
•  Ovary contains ovules.

9. Pollination

•  Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
•  It is essential for sexual reproduction.
•  Self-pollination and cross-pollination are the two types.
•  Wind, water, and insects act as pollinating agents.

10. Fertilisation

•  Fertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes.
•  It takes place inside the ovary.
•  After fertilisation, ovule becomes seed and ovary becomes fruit.

11. Seed formation and dispersal

•  A seed contains a baby plant called embryo.
•  Seed dispersal helps plants grow in new places.
•  Seeds are dispersed by wind, water, animals, and explosion.

12. Germination of seed

•  Germination is the process by which a seed grows into a seedling.
•  It needs water, air, and a suitable temperature.

13. Importance of reproduction in plants

•  Reproduction ensures the survival of plant species.
•  It helps in crop production.
•  It maintains biodiversity.

14. Important keywords with simple definitions

•  Reproduction – process of producing new individuals.
•  Asexual reproduction – reproduction involving one parent.
•  Sexual reproduction – reproduction involving two parents.
•  Vegetative propagation – growth of plants from plant parts.
•  Pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
•  Fertilisation – fusion of male and female gametes.
•  Seed dispersal – spreading of seeds to new places.

Understanding NCERT Class 7 Science Chapter 12 – Reproduction in Plants is important to learn how new plants are produced naturally. The chapter clearly explains different methods of reproduction and their role in agriculture and biodiversity.

These concepts are important for school examinations and foundation-level science preparation. Students should next read Chapter 13: Motion and Time to understand movement, speed, and measurement of time.

FAQs

Q1. What is explained in NCERT Class 7 Science Chapter 12?
The chapter explains reproduction in plants, including asexual and sexual reproduction.

Q2. What is vegetative propagation?
Vegetative propagation is a method in which new plants grow from roots, stems, or leaves.

Q3. What is pollination?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma.

Q4. What happens after fertilisation in plants?
After fertilisation, the ovule becomes a seed and the ovary becomes a fruit.

Q5. Why is NCERT Class 7 Science Chapter 12 important for exams?
It explains plant reproduction and seed formation, which are frequently asked in school and foundation-level exams.

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