BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

Introduction

Geography and Economy together form a major component of BPSC Mains General Studies, appearing in GS Paper-II. Questions are regularly asked from physical geography, Indian and Bihar geography, agriculture, resources, industries, economic planning, development issues and Bihar economy.

In BPSC Mains, Geography questions test a candidate’s conceptual clarity and spatial understanding, while Economy questions examine the ability to analyse development challenges, policies and their impact on society, particularly in the context of Bihar and India.

This page compiles all BPSC Mains Geography and Economics questions asked in BPSC Mains from 60th to 70th examinations, arranged exam-wise, to support systematic preparation and effective revision.

60-62nd BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. “Not just providing employment but increasing the employability of the labour force is the main issue of a long-term employment policy in India.” Discuss this statement with special reference to knowledge and skill development through quality education and training. Also explain the trends and implications of sector-wise employment generation in the country after 2000.
  2. Explain the growth and productivity trends of agriculture in India. Also suggest measures to improve productivity and increase farm income in the country.
  3. “Decentralized planning through the strengthening of the Panchayat system is the focus of planning in India in recent times.” While explaining this statement, suggest a blueprint for an integrated regional development plan. Also critically examine the decentralized planning scenario in India after the 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution.
  4. What do you mean by public goods subsidy, merit goods subsidy and non-merit goods subsidy in India? Explain the recent trends and problems of food, fertilizer and petroleum subsidy in the country.

63rd BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. Presently highlight the major problems of Indian agriculture and suggest ways to remove them. Also discuss the major programmes being run by the Government for the development of Indian agriculture.
  2. While discussing the estimation of poverty in India, explain the factors responsible for poverty. Which programmes are being run by the Government of India to remove poverty?
  3. Explain the reasons why India’s major large-scale industries have been established in some specific geographical areas. Explain the main key industries of India.
  4. Explain in detail the major minerals found in India. Discuss their contribution to the economic development of India as well as the key features of India’s new mineral policy.

64th BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. Critically examine the need of food security in India.
  2. Explain the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the context of the Indian economy.
  3. Evaluate the principal achievements of Indian economic planning.
  4. “Unless the growth of population is checked in India, the economic development cannot be judged in its true perspective.” Examine the statement.

65th BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. Evaluate the production and productivity trends in Indian agriculture since 1991. What practical measures should be adopted to enhance agricultural production and productivity in Bihar?
  2. Discuss the relevance of economic planning in India in the post-economic reform era. In this context, explain how the State and the market can play a synergetic role in the economic development of the country.
  3. What is the new definition of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)? Critically evaluate the role of MSMEs in boosting industrial growth and ensuring the success of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan in India.
  4. What are the main constraints in the rapid economic development of Bihar? How can these constraints be removed?

66th BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. In the Economic Survey of Bihar Government (2019–20), it has been mentioned that Bihar has registered a higher growth rate than the growth rate of India in the last three years. Which sectors of the economy have contributed to this progress? Discuss.
  2. What are the main causes of disparity in economic and social development prevalent in Bihar? Critically evaluate the measures taken by the Government to reduce these inequalities.
  3. What do you understand by demographic dividend? According to the UNFPA Report, up to what time India, especially Bihar, will have the opportunity to reap its benefit? Throw light on the steps taken by Bihar in this respect.
  4. How is human development measured? What are the seven commitments of the Bihar Government for achieving the human development agenda? Explain the schemes of the Government for achieving these goals.

67th BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. Present the picture of industrial development in Bihar and compare it with industrial development of India. Indicate the causes of industrial backwardness in Bihar and illustrate the recent remedial steps taken by the Government of Bihar to improve the situation.
  2. It is said that JEEViKA (BRLPS) is a tool of women empowerment. Give an introduction of this project and describe its objectives. Evaluate the role of the JEEViKA scheme in the context of women empowerment in Bihar.
  3. As per NITI Aayog Health Index, 2021, Bihar ranks 18th out of 19 larger States of India. List the factors responsible for this poor situation in the State. What steps have been taken to improve the health situation in Bihar? Are they sufficient? Support your answer with facts and figures.
  4. Write the names of major natural resources existing in Bihar State. Out of these, select any two and show the pockets where they are found. Narrate their importance in Bihar’s economic development.

68th BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. Write short answers on the following:
    • National Logistics Policy, 2022 along with PM Gati Shakti Plan will revolutionise logistics efficiency in India. Elucidate.
    • Explain how Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) is promoting innovation and entrepreneurship across India. Discuss briefly initiatives like Mentor India, Atal Incubation Centres and Atal New India Challenge.
    • Discuss the level of urbanization in Bihar. Explain at least two reasons for the low level of urbanization in the State. What recent initiatives have been taken by the Bihar Government to push urbanization?
    • What is Indian Ocean Dipole Movement? Explain how it was related to the erratic monsoon during 2022 in India. What was its effect on food production and economy in India?
    • Discuss the incidence and effects of the rural-urban digital divide in India. Examine the steps taken by the government to reduce it.
  2. Examine India’s global trade engagements in 2022. What initiatives have been taken by India to enhance trade? Suggest ways to increase India’s global trade engagements in future. OR As per TRAI report (February 2022), Bihar’s tele-density is 53.71% against all-India average of 85.91% (December 2021). Indicate reasons for this situation. What is its impact? Examine steps that can be taken to improve the situation.
  3. Blue Economy is identified as one of the core dimensions for national growth. Discuss its significance for the Indian economy. List steps taken by India to promote Blue Economy. Are they sufficient? OR On the basis of raw materials, divide Bihar into forest-based, agro-based and mineral-based industries. Substantiate your answer with neat sketches showing the location of these industries.

69th BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. Write short answers on the following:
    • Analyse the mechanism and characteristics of the Indian monsoon system.
    • What are the sources of energy in India? Are they sufficient to meet domestic needs? What are the possible alternative sources of energy for India? Present a critical review.
    • Discuss the present state of the tourism industry in India and analyse its future prospects.
    • Describe the distribution of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population in Bihar and comment on their socio-economic conditions.
    • Divide India into major physiographic divisions and describe the region in which the land of Bihar State is included.
  2. Explain the factors affecting the climate of Bihar. In what way and how many parts has the agro-climatic zone been divided in the State? How many seasons are found in a year? Discuss the effect of these seasons on agriculture. OR How are cities classified by the Directorate of Population in India? Throw light on the total population and rate of growth as per 2011 Census of various classified cities. Discuss the population of Bihar as per Census 2011 and the trend of working population in the State.
  3. Explain the trickle-down theory of economics, its major elements, benefits, limitations and criticisms in the context of Indian planning. OR Describe the monsoon system of India—its nature, types, climate change, distribution, synonyms, east and west jet streams and variability.

70th BPSC Mains GS Geography and Economics Questions

  1. Write short answers on the following:
    • Explain the climatic conditions and mechanism of winter rainfall in India with its spatial spread.
    • Discuss the environmental and economic benefits of mangrove forest cover along the Indian coast with examples.
    • What are the suitable geographical conditions for the cultivation of major types of millets in India?Explain with examples.
    • Explain the ecological conditions suitable for the cultivation of Makhana (Fox-nut / Lotus seed). What measures are being taken by the Government to increase its production and marketing?
    • Discuss the growth and development of automobile industries in and around four largest metropolitan city regions of India.
  2. “The Peninsular India is richer in rock and mineral resources.” Discuss the statement in relation to their geological formations and associated quarrying and mining activities. OR Distinguish between alluvial and diluvial soils of India and explain their process of formation, characteristics and distribution with examples.
  3. Discuss the causes and consequences of out-migration of population from Bihar and the measures taken by the State to stabilise the population. OR Examine the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples.

How to Use This Page for BPSC Mains Preparation

  • Prepare Geography and Economy in an integrated manner, especially topics like agriculture, resources and regional development
  • Use maps, diagrams and flowcharts to improve answer quality
  • Support economic answers with basic data, trends and examples
  • Always link topics with Bihar’s geographical and economic context
  • Analyse previous year questions to understand depth, repetition and changing focus

This page is useful for concept building, answer writing practice, and last-stage revision before the BPSC Mains examination.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. In which GS papers are Geography and Economy questions asked in BPSC Mains?

Geography and economics questions is a part of GS Paper-II.

Q2. Is Bihar-specific Geography and Economy important for BPSC Mains?

Yes. BPSC gives special importance to Bihar-specific geography and economy, including agriculture, industries, migration, resources and development challenges.

Q3. Should answers include maps and diagrams?

Yes. Simple hand-drawn maps, diagrams and flowcharts significantly enhance presentation and fetch better marks, especially in Geography questions.

Q4. How much data is required in Economy answers?

Use limited but relevant data to support arguments. Avoid overloading answers with numbers; focus on analysis and implications.

Q5. How do previous year questions help in Geography and Economy preparation?

Previous year questions help aspirants identify:

  • Frequently asked themes
  • Importance of Bihar-centric issues
  • Expected analytical depth
  • Proper answer structure for BPSC Mains

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